2 * lib/msg.c Netlink Messages Interface
4 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation version 2.1
9 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
14 * @defgroup msg Messages
15 * Netlink Message Construction/Parsing Interface
17 * The following information is partly extracted from RFC3549
18 * (ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3549.txt)
21 * Netlink messages consist of a byte stream with one or multiple
22 * Netlink headers and an associated payload. If the payload is too big
23 * to fit into a single message it, can be split over multiple Netlink
24 * messages, collectively called a multipart message. For multipart
25 * messages, the first and all following headers have the \c NLM_F_MULTI
26 * Netlink header flag set, except for the last header which has the
27 * Netlink header type \c NLMSG_DONE.
30 * The Netlink message header (\link nlmsghdr struct nlmsghdr\endlink) is shown below.
33 * 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
34 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
36 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
38 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
40 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
41 * | Process ID (PID) |
42 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
46 * The netlink message header and payload must be aligned properly:
48 * <------- NLMSG_ALIGN(hlen) ------> <---- NLMSG_ALIGN(len) --->
49 * +----------------------------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - - -+- - -+
50 * | Header | Pad | Payload | Pad |
51 * | struct nlmsghdr | | | |
52 * +----------------------------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - - -+- - -+
57 * <--- nlmsg_total_size(payload) --->
58 * <-- nlmsg_msg_size(payload) ->
59 * +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+-------- - -
60 * | nlmsghdr | Pad | Payload | Pad | nlmsghdr
61 * +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+-------- - -
62 * nlmsg_data(nlh)---^ ^
63 * nlmsg_next(nlh)-----------------------+
66 * The payload may consist of arbitary data but may have strict
67 * alignment and formatting rules depening on the specific netlink
71 * <---------------------- nlmsg_len(nlh) --------------------->
72 * <------ hdrlen ------> <- nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen) ->
73 * +----------------------+- - -+--------------------------------+
74 * | Family Header | Pad | Attributes |
75 * +----------------------+- - -+--------------------------------+
76 * nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen)---^
78 * @par The ACK Netlink Message
79 * This message is actually used to denote both an ACK and a NACK.
80 * Typically, the direction is from FEC to CPC (in response to an ACK
81 * request message). However, the CPC should be able to send ACKs back
82 * to FEC when requested.
85 * 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
86 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
87 * | Netlink message header |
88 * | type = NLMSG_ERROR |
89 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
91 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
92 * | OLD Netlink message header |
93 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
98 * // Various methods exist to create/allocate a new netlink
101 * // nlmsg_alloc() will allocate an empty netlink message with
102 * // a maximum payload size which defaults to the page size of
103 * // the system. This default size can be modified using the
104 * // function nlmsg_set_default_size().
105 * struct nl_msg *msg = nlmsg_alloc();
107 * // Very often, the message type and message flags are known
108 * // at allocation time while the other fields are auto generated:
109 * struct nl_msg *msg = nlmsg_alloc_simple(MY_TYPE, MY_FLAGS);
111 * // Alternatively an existing netlink message header can be used
112 * // to inherit the header values:
113 * struct nlmsghdr hdr = {
114 * .nlmsg_type = MY_TYPE,
115 * .nlmsg_flags = MY_FLAGS,
117 * struct nl_msg *msg = nlmsg_inherit(&hdr);
119 * // Last but not least, netlink messages received from netlink sockets
120 * // can be converted into nl_msg objects using nlmsg_convert(). This
121 * // will create a message with a maximum payload size which equals the
122 * // length of the existing netlink message, therefore no more data can
123 * // be appened without calling nlmsg_expand() first.
124 * struct nl_msg *msg = nlmsg_convert(nlh_from_nl_sock);
126 * // Payload may be added to the message via nlmsg_append(). The fourth
127 * // parameter specifies the number of alignment bytes the data should
128 * // be padding with at the end. Common values are 0 to disable it or
129 * // NLMSG_ALIGNTO to ensure proper netlink message padding.
130 * nlmsg_append(msg, &mydata, sizeof(mydata), 0);
132 * // Sometimes it may be necessary to reserve room for data but defer
133 * // the actual copying to a later point, nlmsg_reserve() can be used
134 * // for this purpose:
135 * void *data = nlmsg_reserve(msg, sizeof(mydata), NLMSG_ALIGNTO);
137 * // Attributes may be added using the attributes interface.
139 * // After successful use of the message, the memory must be freed
140 * // using nlmsg_free()
144 * @par 4) Parsing messages
147 * unsigned char *buf;
148 * struct nlmsghdr *hdr;
150 * n = nl_recv(handle, NULL, &buf);
152 * hdr = (struct nlmsghdr *) buf;
153 * while (nlmsg_ok(hdr, n)) {
154 * // Process message here...
155 * hdr = nlmsg_next(hdr, &n);
161 #include <netlink-local.h>
162 #include <netlink/netlink.h>
163 #include <netlink/utils.h>
164 #include <netlink/cache.h>
165 #include <netlink/attr.h>
166 #include <netlink/msg.h>
167 #include <linux/socket.h>
169 static size_t default_msg_size;
171 static void __init init_msg_size(void)
173 default_msg_size = getpagesize();
177 * @name Attribute Access
184 * @name Message Parsing
189 * check if the netlink message fits into the remaining bytes
190 * @arg nlh netlink message header
191 * @arg remaining number of bytes remaining in message stream
193 int nlmsg_ok(const struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int remaining)
195 return (remaining >= sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) &&
196 nlh->nlmsg_len >= sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) &&
197 nlh->nlmsg_len <= remaining);
201 * next netlink message in message stream
202 * @arg nlh netlink message header
203 * @arg remaining number of bytes remaining in message stream
205 * @returns the next netlink message in the message stream and
206 * decrements remaining by the size of the current message.
208 struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg_next(struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int *remaining)
210 int totlen = NLMSG_ALIGN(nlh->nlmsg_len);
212 *remaining -= totlen;
214 return (struct nlmsghdr *) ((unsigned char *) nlh + totlen);
218 * parse attributes of a netlink message
219 * @arg nlh netlink message header
220 * @arg hdrlen length of family specific header
221 * @arg tb destination array with maxtype+1 elements
222 * @arg maxtype maximum attribute type to be expected
223 * @arg policy validation policy
227 int nlmsg_parse(struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int hdrlen, struct nlattr *tb[],
228 int maxtype, struct nla_policy *policy)
230 if (!nlmsg_valid_hdr(nlh, hdrlen))
231 return -NLE_MSG_TOOSHORT;
233 return nla_parse(tb, maxtype, nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen),
234 nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen), policy);
238 * nlmsg_validate - validate a netlink message including attributes
239 * @arg nlh netlinket message header
240 * @arg hdrlen length of familiy specific header
241 * @arg maxtype maximum attribute type to be expected
242 * @arg policy validation policy
244 int nlmsg_validate(struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int hdrlen, int maxtype,
245 struct nla_policy *policy)
247 if (!nlmsg_valid_hdr(nlh, hdrlen))
248 return -NLE_MSG_TOOSHORT;
250 return nla_validate(nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen),
251 nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen), maxtype, policy);
257 * @name Message Building/Access
261 static struct nl_msg *__nlmsg_alloc(size_t len)
265 nm = calloc(1, sizeof(*nm));
271 nm->nm_nlh = malloc(len);
275 memset(nm->nm_nlh, 0, sizeof(struct nlmsghdr));
277 nm->nm_protocol = -1;
279 nm->nm_nlh->nlmsg_len = nlmsg_total_size(0);
281 NL_DBG(2, "msg %p: Allocated new message, maxlen=%zu\n", nm, len);
290 * Allocate a new netlink message with the default maximum payload size.
292 * Allocates a new netlink message without any further payload. The
293 * maximum payload size defaults to PAGESIZE or as otherwise specified
294 * with nlmsg_set_default_size().
296 * @return Newly allocated netlink message or NULL.
298 struct nl_msg *nlmsg_alloc(void)
300 return __nlmsg_alloc(default_msg_size);
304 * Allocate a new netlink message with maximum payload size specified.
306 struct nl_msg *nlmsg_alloc_size(size_t max)
308 return __nlmsg_alloc(max);
312 * Allocate a new netlink message and inherit netlink message header
313 * @arg hdr Netlink message header template
315 * Allocates a new netlink message and inherits the original message
316 * header. If \a hdr is not NULL it will be used as a template for
317 * the netlink message header, otherwise the header is left blank.
319 * @return Newly allocated netlink message or NULL
321 struct nl_msg *nlmsg_inherit(struct nlmsghdr *hdr)
327 struct nlmsghdr *new = nm->nm_nlh;
329 new->nlmsg_type = hdr->nlmsg_type;
330 new->nlmsg_flags = hdr->nlmsg_flags;
331 new->nlmsg_seq = hdr->nlmsg_seq;
332 new->nlmsg_pid = hdr->nlmsg_pid;
339 * Allocate a new netlink message
340 * @arg nlmsgtype Netlink message type
341 * @arg flags Message flags.
343 * @return Newly allocated netlink message or NULL.
345 struct nl_msg *nlmsg_alloc_simple(int nlmsgtype, int flags)
348 struct nlmsghdr nlh = {
349 .nlmsg_type = nlmsgtype,
350 .nlmsg_flags = flags,
353 msg = nlmsg_inherit(&nlh);
355 NL_DBG(2, "msg %p: Allocated new simple message\n", msg);
361 * Set the default maximum message payload size for allocated messages
362 * @arg max Size of payload in bytes.
364 void nlmsg_set_default_size(size_t max)
366 if (max < nlmsg_total_size(0))
367 max = nlmsg_total_size(0);
369 default_msg_size = max;
373 * Convert a netlink message received from a netlink socket to a nl_msg
374 * @arg hdr Netlink message received from netlink socket.
376 * Allocates a new netlink message and copies all of the data pointed to
377 * by \a hdr into the new message object.
379 * @return Newly allocated netlink message or NULL.
381 struct nl_msg *nlmsg_convert(struct nlmsghdr *hdr)
385 nm = __nlmsg_alloc(NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr->nlmsg_len));
389 memcpy(nm->nm_nlh, hdr, hdr->nlmsg_len);
398 * Reserve room for additional data in a netlink message
399 * @arg n netlink message
400 * @arg len length of additional data to reserve room for
401 * @arg pad number of bytes to align data to
403 * Reserves room for additional data at the tail of the an
404 * existing netlink message. Eventual padding required will
407 * @return Pointer to start of additional data tailroom or NULL.
409 void *nlmsg_reserve(struct nl_msg *n, size_t len, int pad)
411 void *buf = n->nm_nlh;
412 size_t nlmsg_len = n->nm_nlh->nlmsg_len;
415 tlen = pad ? ((len + (pad - 1)) & ~(pad - 1)) : len;
417 if ((tlen + nlmsg_len) > n->nm_size)
421 n->nm_nlh->nlmsg_len += tlen;
424 memset(buf + len, 0, tlen - len);
426 NL_DBG(2, "msg %p: Reserved %zu bytes, pad=%d, nlmsg_len=%d\n",
427 n, len, pad, n->nm_nlh->nlmsg_len);
433 * Append data to tail of a netlink message
434 * @arg n netlink message
435 * @arg data data to add
436 * @arg len length of data
437 * @arg pad Number of bytes to align data to.
439 * Extends the netlink message as needed and appends the data of given
440 * length to the message.
442 * @return 0 on success or a negative error code
444 int nlmsg_append(struct nl_msg *n, void *data, size_t len, int pad)
448 tmp = nlmsg_reserve(n, len, pad);
452 memcpy(tmp, data, len);
453 NL_DBG(2, "msg %p: Appended %zu bytes with padding %d\n", n, len, pad);
459 * Add a netlink message header to a netlink message
460 * @arg n netlink message
461 * @arg pid netlink process id or NL_AUTO_PID
462 * @arg seq sequence number of message or NL_AUTO_SEQ
463 * @arg type message type
464 * @arg payload length of message payload
465 * @arg flags message flags
467 * Adds or overwrites the netlink message header in an existing message
468 * object. If \a payload is greater-than zero additional room will be
469 * reserved, f.e. for family specific headers. It can be accesed via
472 * @return A pointer to the netlink message header or NULL.
474 struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg_put(struct nl_msg *n, uint32_t pid, uint32_t seq,
475 int type, int payload, int flags)
477 struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
479 if (n->nm_nlh->nlmsg_len < NLMSG_HDRLEN)
482 nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *) n->nm_nlh;
483 nlh->nlmsg_type = type;
484 nlh->nlmsg_flags = flags;
485 nlh->nlmsg_pid = pid;
486 nlh->nlmsg_seq = seq;
488 NL_DBG(2, "msg %p: Added netlink header type=%d, flags=%d, pid=%d, "
489 "seq=%d\n", n, type, flags, pid, seq);
492 nlmsg_reserve(n, payload, NLMSG_ALIGNTO) == NULL)
499 * Release a reference from an netlink message
500 * @arg msg message to release reference from
502 * Frees memory after the last reference has been released.
504 void nlmsg_free(struct nl_msg *msg)
510 NL_DBG(4, "Returned message reference %p, %d remaining\n",
511 msg, msg->nm_refcnt);
513 if (msg->nm_refcnt < 0)
516 if (msg->nm_refcnt <= 0) {
519 NL_DBG(2, "msg %p: Freed\n", msg);
526 * @name Direct Parsing
532 void (*cb)(struct nl_object *, void *);
537 static int parse_cb(struct nl_object *obj, struct nl_parser_param *p)
539 struct dp_xdata *x = p->pp_arg;
545 int nl_msg_parse(struct nl_msg *msg, void (*cb)(struct nl_object *, void *),
548 struct nl_cache_ops *ops;
549 struct nl_parser_param p = {
552 struct dp_xdata x = {
557 ops = nl_cache_ops_associate(nlmsg_get_proto(msg),
558 nlmsg_hdr(msg)->nlmsg_type);
560 return -NLE_MSGTYPE_NOSUPPORT;
563 return nl_cache_parse(ops, NULL, nlmsg_hdr(msg), &p);