5 Utilities for interaction with the Linux system
11 Copyright 2008 Steven Barth <steven@midlink.org>
13 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
14 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
15 You may obtain a copy of the License at
17 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
19 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
20 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
21 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
22 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
23 limitations under the License.
28 local io = require "io"
29 local os = require "os"
30 local posix = require "posix"
31 local table = require "table"
34 luci.util = require "luci.util"
35 luci.fs = require "luci.fs"
36 luci.ip = require "luci.ip"
38 local tonumber, ipairs, pairs, pcall = tonumber, ipairs, pairs, pcall
41 --- LuCI Linux and POSIX system utilities.
44 --- Execute a given shell command and return the error code
47 -- @param ... Command to call
48 -- @return Error code of the command
50 return os.execute(...) / 256
53 --- Execute a given shell command and capture its standard output
56 -- @param command Command to call
57 -- @return String containg the return the output of the command
60 --- Invoke the luci-flash executable to write an image to the flash memory.
61 -- @param image Local path or URL to image file
62 -- @param kpattern Pattern of files to keep over flash process
63 -- @return Return value of os.execute()
64 function flash(image, kpattern)
65 local cmd = "luci-flash "
67 cmd = cmd .. "-k '" .. kpattern:gsub("'", "") .. "' "
69 cmd = cmd .. "'" .. image:gsub("'", "") .. "' >/dev/null 2>&1"
71 return os.execute(cmd)
74 --- Retrieve information about currently mounted file systems.
75 -- @return Table containing mount information
78 local k = {"fs", "blocks", "used", "available", "percent", "mountpoint"}
79 local ps = luci.util.execi("df")
91 for value in line:gmatch("[^%s]+") do
98 -- this is a rather ugly workaround to cope with wrapped lines in
101 -- /dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0/part3
102 -- 114382024 93566472 15005244 86% /mnt/usb
105 if not row[k[2]] then
108 for value in line:gmatch("[^%s]+") do
114 table.insert(data, row)
121 --- Retrieve environment variables. If no variable is given then a table
122 -- containing the whole environment is returned otherwise this function returns
123 -- the corresponding string value for the given name or nil if no such variable
127 -- @param var Name of the environment variable to retrieve (optional)
128 -- @return String containg the value of the specified variable
129 -- @return Table containing all variables if no variable name is given
130 getenv = posix.getenv
132 --- Determine the current hostname.
133 -- @return String containing the system hostname
135 return posix.uname("%n")
138 --- Returns the contents of a documented referred by an URL.
139 -- @param url The URL to retrieve
140 -- @param stream Return a stream instead of a buffer
141 -- @param target Directly write to target file name
142 -- @return String containing the contents of given the URL
143 function httpget(url, stream, target)
145 local source = stream and io.popen or luci.util.exec
146 return source("wget -qO- '"..url:gsub("'", "").."'")
148 return os.execute("wget -qO '%s' '%s'" %
149 {target:gsub("'", ""), url:gsub("'", "")})
153 --- Returns the system load average values.
154 -- @return String containing the average load value 1 minute ago
155 -- @return String containing the average load value 5 minutes ago
156 -- @return String containing the average load value 15 minutes ago
157 -- @return String containing the active and total number of processes
158 -- @return String containing the last used pid
160 local loadavg = io.lines("/proc/loadavg")()
161 return loadavg:match("^(.-) (.-) (.-) (.-) (.-)$")
164 --- Initiate a system reboot.
165 -- @return Return value of os.execute()
167 return os.execute("reboot >/dev/null 2>&1")
170 --- Returns the system type, cpu name and installed physical memory.
171 -- @return String containing the system or platform identifier
172 -- @return String containing hardware model information
173 -- @return String containing the total memory amount in kB
174 -- @return String containing the memory used for caching in kB
175 -- @return String containing the memory used for buffering in kB
176 -- @return String containing the free memory amount in kB
178 local cpuinfo = luci.fs.readfile("/proc/cpuinfo")
179 local meminfo = luci.fs.readfile("/proc/meminfo")
181 local system = cpuinfo:match("system typ.-:%s*([^\n]+)")
183 local memtotal = tonumber(meminfo:match("MemTotal:%s*(%d+)"))
184 local memcached = tonumber(meminfo:match("\nCached:%s*(%d+)"))
185 local memfree = tonumber(meminfo:match("MemFree:%s*(%d+)"))
186 local membuffers = tonumber(meminfo:match("Buffers:%s*(%d+)"))
189 system = posix.uname("%m")
190 model = cpuinfo:match("model name.-:%s*([^\n]+)")
192 model = cpuinfo:match("Processor.-:%s*([^\n]+)")
195 model = cpuinfo:match("cpu model.-:%s*([^\n]+)")
198 return system, model, memtotal, memcached, membuffers, memfree
201 --- Retrieves the output of the "logread" command.
202 -- @return String containing the current log buffer
204 return luci.util.exec("logread")
207 --- Generates a random id with specified length.
208 -- @param bytes Number of bytes for the unique id
209 -- @return String containing hex encoded id
210 function uniqueid(bytes)
211 local fp = io.open("/dev/urandom")
212 local chunk = { fp:read(bytes):byte(1, bytes) }
217 local pattern = "%02X"
218 for i, byte in ipairs(chunk) do
219 hex = hex .. pattern:format(byte)
225 --- Returns the current system uptime stats.
226 -- @return String containing total uptime in seconds
227 -- @return String containing idle time in seconds
229 local loadavg = io.lines("/proc/uptime")()
230 return loadavg:match("^(.-) (.-)$")
233 --- LuCI system utilities / POSIX user group related functions.
235 -- @name luci.sys.group
238 --- Returns information about a POSIX user group.
241 -- @param group Group ID or name of a system user group
242 -- @return Table with information about the requested group
243 group.getgroup = posix.getgroup
246 --- LuCI system utilities / network related functions.
248 -- @name luci.sys.net
251 --- Returns the current arp-table entries as two-dimensional table.
252 -- @return Table of table containing the current arp entries.
253 -- The following fields are defined for arp entry objects:
254 -- { "IP address", "HW address", "HW type", "Flags", "Mask", "Device" }
255 function net.arptable()
256 return _parse_delimited_table(io.lines("/proc/net/arp"), "%s%s+")
259 --- Returns conntrack information
260 -- @return Table with the currently tracked IP connections
261 function net.conntrack()
263 if luci.fs.access("/proc/net/nf_conntrack") then
264 for line in io.lines("/proc/net/nf_conntrack") do
265 local entry, flags = _parse_mixed_record(line, " +")
266 entry.layer3 = flags[1]
267 entry.layer4 = flags[2]
272 connt[#connt+1] = entry
274 elseif luci.fs.access("/proc/net/ip_conntrack") then
275 for line in io.lines("/proc/net/ip_conntrack") do
276 local entry, flags = _parse_mixed_record(line, " +")
277 entry.layer3 = "ipv4"
278 entry.layer4 = flags[1]
283 connt[#connt+1] = entry
291 --- Determine the current default route.
292 -- @return Table with the properties of the current default route.
293 -- The following fields are defined:
294 -- { "Mask", "RefCnt", "Iface", "Flags", "Window", "IRTT",
295 -- "MTU", "Gateway", "Destination", "Metric", "Use" }
296 function net.defaultroute()
297 local routes = net.routes()
300 for i, r in pairs(luci.sys.net.routes()) do
301 if r.Destination == "00000000" and (not route or route.Metric > r.Metric) then
309 --- Determine the names of available network interfaces.
310 -- @return Table containing all current interface names
311 function net.devices()
313 for line in io.lines("/proc/net/dev") do
314 table.insert(devices, line:match(" *(.-):"))
320 --- Return information about available network interfaces.
321 -- @return Table containing all current interface names and their information
322 function net.deviceinfo()
324 for line in io.lines("/proc/net/dev") do
325 local name, data = line:match("^ *(.-): *(.*)$")
326 if name and data then
327 devices[name] = luci.util.split(data, " +", nil, true)
334 -- Determine the MAC address belonging to the given IP address.
335 -- @param ip IPv4 address
336 -- @return String containing the MAC address or nil if it cannot be found
337 function net.ip4mac(ip)
340 for i, l in ipairs(net.arptable()) do
341 if l["IP address"] == ip then
342 mac = l["HW address"]
349 --- Returns the current kernel routing table entries.
350 -- @return Table of tables with properties of the corresponding routes.
351 -- The following fields are defined for route entry tables:
352 -- { "Mask", "RefCnt", "Iface", "Flags", "Window", "IRTT",
353 -- "MTU", "Gateway", "Destination", "Metric", "Use" }
354 function net.routes()
355 return _parse_delimited_table(io.lines("/proc/net/route"))
359 --- Tests whether the given host responds to ping probes.
360 -- @param host String containing a hostname or IPv4 address
361 -- @return Number containing 0 on success and >= 1 on error
362 function net.pingtest(host)
363 return os.execute("ping -c1 '"..host:gsub("'", '').."' >/dev/null 2>&1")
367 --- LuCI system utilities / process related functions.
369 -- @name luci.sys.process
372 --- Get the current process id.
374 -- @name process.info
375 -- @return Number containing the current pid
376 process.info = posix.getpid
378 --- Retrieve information about currently running processes.
379 -- @return Table containing process information
380 function process.list()
383 local ps = luci.util.execi("top -bn1")
395 k = luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(line), "%s+", nil, true)
396 if k[1] == "PID" then
404 line = luci.util.trim(line)
405 for i, value in ipairs(luci.util.split(line, "%s+", #k-1, true)) do
409 local pid = tonumber(row[k[1]])
418 --- Set the gid of a process identified by given pid.
419 -- @param pid Number containing the process id
420 -- @param gid Number containing the Unix group id
421 -- @return Boolean indicating successful operation
422 -- @return String containing the error message if failed
423 -- @return Number containing the error code if failed
424 function process.setgroup(pid, gid)
425 return posix.setpid("g", pid, gid)
428 --- Set the uid of a process identified by given pid.
429 -- @param pid Number containing the process id
430 -- @param uid Number containing the Unix user id
431 -- @return Boolean indicating successful operation
432 -- @return String containing the error message if failed
433 -- @return Number containing the error code if failed
434 function process.setuser(pid, uid)
435 return posix.setpid("u", pid, uid)
438 --- Send a signal to a process identified by given pid.
440 -- @name process.signal
441 -- @param pid Number containing the process id
442 -- @param sig Signal to send (default: 15 [SIGTERM])
443 -- @return Boolean indicating successful operation
444 -- @return Number containing the error code if failed
445 process.signal = posix.kill
448 --- LuCI system utilities / user related functions.
450 -- @name luci.sys.user
453 --- Retrieve user informations for given uid.
456 -- @param uid Number containing the Unix user id
457 -- @return Table containing the following fields:
458 -- { "uid", "gid", "name", "passwd", "dir", "shell", "gecos" }
459 user.getuser = posix.getpasswd
461 --- Test whether given string matches the password of a given system user.
462 -- @param username String containing the Unix user name
463 -- @param password String containing the password to compare
464 -- @return Boolean indicating wheather the passwords are equal
465 function user.checkpasswd(username, password)
466 local account = user.getuser(username)
469 local pwd = account.passwd
472 if luci.fs.stat("/etc/shadow") then
473 if not pcall(function()
474 for l in io.lines("/etc/shadow") do
475 shadowpw = l:match("^%s:([^:]+)" % username)
482 return nil, "Unable to access shadow-file"
491 if pwd and #pwd > 0 and password and #password > 0 then
492 return (pwd == posix.crypt(password, pwd))
499 --- Change the password of given user.
500 -- @param username String containing the Unix user name
501 -- @param password String containing the password to compare
502 -- @return Number containing 0 on success and >= 1 on error
503 function user.setpasswd(username, password)
505 password = password:gsub("'", "")
509 username = username:gsub("'", "")
512 local cmd = "(echo '"..password.."';sleep 1;echo '"..password.."')|"
513 cmd = cmd .. "passwd '"..username.."' >/dev/null 2>&1"
514 return os.execute(cmd)
518 --- LuCI system utilities / wifi related functions.
520 -- @name luci.sys.wifi
523 --- Get iwconfig output for all wireless devices.
524 -- @return Table of tables containing the iwconfing output for each wifi device
525 function wifi.getiwconfig()
526 local cnt = luci.util.exec("/usr/sbin/iwconfig 2>/dev/null")
529 for i, l in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(cnt), "\n\n")) do
530 local k = l:match("^(.-) ")
531 l = l:gsub("^(.-) +", "", 1)
533 local entry, flags = _parse_mixed_record(l)
544 --- Get iwlist scan output from all wireless devices.
545 -- @return Table of tables contaiing all scan results
546 function wifi.iwscan(iface)
547 local siface = iface or ""
548 local cnt = luci.util.exec("iwlist "..siface.." scan 2>/dev/null")
551 for i, l in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(cnt), "\n\n")) do
552 local k = l:match("^(.-) ")
553 l = l:gsub("^[^\n]+", "", 1)
554 l = luci.util.trim(l)
557 for j, c in pairs(luci.util.split(l, "\n Cell")) do
558 c = c:gsub("^(.-)- ", "", 1)
559 c = luci.util.split(c, "\n", 7)
560 c = table.concat(c, "\n", 1)
561 local entry, flags = _parse_mixed_record(c)
565 table.insert(iws[k], entry)
570 return iface and (iws[iface] or {}) or iws
574 --- LuCI system utilities / init related functions.
576 -- @name luci.sys.init
578 init.dir = "/etc/init.d/"
580 --- Get the names of all installed init scripts
581 -- @return Table containing the names of all inistalled init scripts
582 function init.names()
584 for _, name in ipairs(luci.fs.glob(init.dir.."*")) do
585 names[#names+1] = luci.fs.basename(name)
590 --- Test whether the given init script is enabled
591 -- @param name Name of the init script
592 -- @return Boolean indicating whether init is enabled
593 function init.enabled(name)
594 if luci.fs.access(init.dir..name) then
595 return ( call(init.dir..name.." enabled") == 0 )
600 --- Get the index of he given init script
601 -- @param name Name of the init script
602 -- @return Numeric index value
603 function init.index(name)
604 if luci.fs.access(init.dir..name) then
605 return call("source "..init.dir..name.."; exit $START")
609 --- Enable the given init script
610 -- @param name Name of the init script
611 -- @return Boolean indicating success
612 function init.enable(name)
613 if luci.fs.access(init.dir..name) then
614 return ( call(init.dir..name.." enable") == 1 )
618 --- Disable the given init script
619 -- @param name Name of the init script
620 -- @return Boolean indicating success
621 function init.disable(name)
622 if luci.fs.access(init.dir..name) then
623 return ( call(init.dir..name.." disable") == 0 )
628 -- Internal functions
630 function _parse_delimited_table(iter, delimiter)
631 delimiter = delimiter or "%s+"
634 local trim = luci.util.trim
635 local split = luci.util.split
637 local keys = split(trim(iter()), delimiter, nil, true)
638 for i, j in pairs(keys) do
639 keys[i] = trim(keys[i])
646 for i, j in pairs(split(line, delimiter, nil, true)) do
652 table.insert(data, row)
658 function _parse_mixed_record(cnt, delimiter)
659 delimiter = delimiter or " "
663 for i, l in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(cnt), "\n")) do
664 for j, f in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(l), delimiter, nil, true)) do
665 local k, x, v = f:match('([^%s][^:=]+) *([:=]*) *"*([^\n"]*)"*')
669 table.insert(flags, k)