5 Utilities for interaction with the Linux system
11 Copyright 2008 Steven Barth <steven@midlink.org>
13 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
14 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
15 You may obtain a copy of the License at
17 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
19 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
20 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
21 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
22 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
23 limitations under the License.
28 local io = require "io"
29 local os = require "os"
30 local posix = require "posix"
31 local table = require "table"
34 luci.util = require "luci.util"
35 luci.fs = require "luci.fs"
36 luci.ip = require "luci.ip"
38 local tonumber, ipairs, pairs = tonumber, ipairs, pairs
41 --- LuCI Linux and POSIX system utilities.
45 --- Invoke the luci-flash executable to write an image to the flash memory.
46 -- @param image Local path or URL to image file
47 -- @param kpattern Pattern of files to keep over flash process
48 -- @return Return value of os.execute()
49 function flash(image, kpattern)
50 local cmd = "luci-flash "
52 cmd = cmd .. "-k '" .. kpattern:gsub("'", "") .. "' "
54 cmd = cmd .. "'" .. image:gsub("'", "") .. "' >/dev/null 2>&1"
56 return os.execute(cmd)
59 --- Retrieve information about currently mounted file systems.
60 -- @return Table containing mount information
63 local k = {"fs", "blocks", "used", "available", "percent", "mountpoint"}
64 local ps = luci.util.execi("df")
76 for value in line:gmatch("[^%s]+") do
82 table.insert(data, row)
89 --- Retrieve environment variables. If no variable is given then a table
90 -- containing the whole environment is returned otherwise this function returns
91 -- the corresponding string value for the given name or nil if no such variable
95 -- @param var Name of the environment variable to retrieve (optional)
96 -- @return String containg the value of the specified variable
97 -- @return Table containing all variables if no variable name is given
100 --- Determine the current hostname.
101 -- @return String containing the system hostname
103 return io.lines("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname")()
106 --- Returns the contents of a documented referred by an URL.
107 -- @param url The URL to retrieve
108 -- @param stream Return a stream instead of a buffer
109 -- @param target Directly write to target file name
110 -- @return String containing the contents of given the URL
111 function httpget(url, stream, target)
113 local source = stream and io.open or luci.util.exec
114 return source("wget -qO- '"..url:gsub("'", "").."'")
116 return os.execute("wget -qO '%s' '%s'" %
117 {target:gsub("'", ""), url:gsub("'", "")})
121 --- Returns the system load average values.
122 -- @return String containing the average load value 1 minute ago
123 -- @return String containing the average load value 5 minutes ago
124 -- @return String containing the average load value 15 minutes ago
125 -- @return String containing the active and total number of processes
126 -- @return String containing the last used pid
128 local loadavg = io.lines("/proc/loadavg")()
129 return loadavg:match("^(.-) (.-) (.-) (.-) (.-)$")
132 --- Initiate a system reboot.
133 -- @return Return value of os.execute()
135 return os.execute("reboot >/dev/null 2>&1")
138 --- Returns the system type, cpu name and installed physical memory.
139 -- @return String containing the system or platform identifier
140 -- @return String containing hardware model information
141 -- @return String containing the total memory amount in kB
142 -- @return String containing the memory used for caching in kB
143 -- @return String containing the memory used for buffering in kB
144 -- @return String containing the free memory amount in kB
146 local c1 = "cat /proc/cpuinfo|grep system\\ typ|cut -d: -f2 2>/dev/null"
147 local c2 = "uname -m 2>/dev/null"
148 local c3 = "cat /proc/cpuinfo|grep model\\ name|cut -d: -f2 2>/dev/null"
149 local c4 = "cat /proc/cpuinfo|grep cpu\\ model|cut -d: -f2 2>/dev/null"
150 local c5 = "cat /proc/meminfo|grep MemTotal|awk {' print $2 '} 2>/dev/null"
151 local c6 = "cat /proc/meminfo|grep ^Cached|awk {' print $2 '} 2>/dev/null"
152 local c7 = "cat /proc/meminfo|grep MemFree|awk {' print $2 '} 2>/dev/null"
153 local c8 = "cat /proc/meminfo|grep Buffers|awk {' print $2 '} 2>/dev/null"
155 local system = luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c1))
157 local memtotal = tonumber(luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c5)))
158 local memcached = tonumber(luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c6)))
159 local memfree = tonumber(luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c7)))
160 local membuffers = tonumber(luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c8)))
163 system = luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c2))
164 model = luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c3))
166 model = luci.util.trim(luci.util.exec(c4))
169 return system, model, memtotal, memcached, membuffers, memfree
172 --- Retrieves the output of the "logread" command.
173 -- @return String containing the current log buffer
175 return luci.util.exec("logread")
178 --- Generates a random id with specified length.
179 -- @param bytes Number of bytes for the unique id
180 -- @return String containing hex encoded id
181 function uniqueid(bytes)
182 local fp = io.open("/dev/urandom")
183 local chunk = { fp:read(bytes):byte(1, bytes) }
188 local pattern = "%02X"
189 for i, byte in ipairs(chunk) do
190 hex = hex .. pattern:format(byte)
196 --- Returns the current system uptime stats.
197 -- @return String containing total uptime in seconds
198 -- @return String containing idle time in seconds
200 local loadavg = io.lines("/proc/uptime")()
201 return loadavg:match("^(.-) (.-)$")
204 --- LuCI system utilities / POSIX user group related functions.
206 -- @name luci.sys.group
209 --- Returns information about a POSIX user group.
210 -- @param group Group ID or name of a system user group
211 -- @return Table with information about the requested group
212 group.getgroup = posix.getgroup
215 --- LuCI system utilities / network related functions.
217 -- @name luci.sys.net
220 --- Returns the current arp-table entries as two-dimensional table.
221 -- @return Table of table containing the current arp entries.
222 -- The following fields are defined for arp entry objects:
223 -- { "IP address", "HW address", "HW type", "Flags", "Mask", "Device" }
224 function net.arptable()
225 return _parse_delimited_table(io.lines("/proc/net/arp"), "%s%s+")
228 --- Determine the current default route.
229 -- @return Table with the properties of the current default route.
230 -- The following fields are defined:
231 -- { "Mask", "RefCnt", "Iface", "Flags", "Window", "IRTT",
232 -- "MTU", "Gateway", "Destination", "Metric", "Use" }
233 function net.defaultroute()
234 local routes = net.routes()
237 for i, r in pairs(luci.sys.net.routes()) do
238 if r.Destination == "00000000" and (not route or route.Metric > r.Metric) then
246 --- Determine the names of available network interfaces.
247 -- @return Table containing all current interface names
248 function net.devices()
250 for line in io.lines("/proc/net/dev") do
251 table.insert(devices, line:match(" *(.-):"))
257 --- Return information about available network interfaces.
258 -- @return Table containing all current interface names and their information
259 function net.deviceinfo()
261 for line in io.lines("/proc/net/dev") do
262 local name, data = line:match("^ *(.-): *(.*)$")
263 if name and data then
264 devices[name] = luci.util.split(data, " +", nil, true)
271 -- Determine the MAC address belonging to the given IP address.
272 -- @param ip IPv4 address
273 -- @return String containing the MAC address or nil if it cannot be found
274 function net.ip4mac(ip)
277 for i, l in ipairs(net.arptable()) do
278 if l["IP address"] == ip then
279 mac = l["HW address"]
286 --- Returns the current kernel routing table entries.
287 -- @return Table of tables with properties of the corresponding routes.
288 -- The following fields are defined for route entry tables:
289 -- { "Mask", "RefCnt", "Iface", "Flags", "Window", "IRTT",
290 -- "MTU", "Gateway", "Destination", "Metric", "Use" }
291 function net.routes()
292 return _parse_delimited_table(io.lines("/proc/net/route"))
296 --- Tests whether the given host responds to ping probes.
297 -- @param host String containing a hostname or IPv4 address
298 -- @return Number containing 0 on success and >= 1 on error
299 function net.pingtest(host)
300 return os.execute("ping -c1 '"..host:gsub("'", '').."' >/dev/null 2>&1")
304 --- LuCI system utilities / process related functions.
306 -- @name luci.sys.process
309 --- Get the current process id.
310 -- @return Number containing the current pid
311 process.info = posix.getpid
313 --- Retrieve information about currently running processes.
314 -- @return Table containing process information
315 function process.list()
318 local ps = luci.util.execi("top -bn1")
330 k = luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(line), "%s+", nil, true)
331 if k[1] == "PID" then
339 line = luci.util.trim(line)
340 for i, value in ipairs(luci.util.split(line, "%s+", #k-1, true)) do
344 local pid = tonumber(row[k[1]])
353 --- Set the gid of a process identified by given pid.
354 -- @param pid Number containing the process id
355 -- @param gid Number containing the Unix group id
356 -- @return Boolean indicating successful operation
357 -- @return String containing the error message if failed
358 -- @return Number containing the error code if failed
359 function process.setgroup(pid, gid)
360 return posix.setpid("g", pid, gid)
363 --- Set the uid of a process identified by given pid.
364 -- @param pid Number containing the process id
365 -- @param uid Number containing the Unix user id
366 -- @return Boolean indicating successful operation
367 -- @return String containing the error message if failed
368 -- @return Number containing the error code if failed
369 function process.setuser(pid, uid)
370 return posix.setpid("u", pid, uid)
373 --- Send a signal to a process identified by given pid.
374 -- @param pid Number containing the process id
375 -- @param sig Signal to send (default: 15 [SIGTERM])
376 -- @return Boolean indicating successful operation
377 -- @return Number containing the error code if failed
378 process.signal = posix.kill
381 --- LuCI system utilities / user related functions.
383 -- @name luci.sys.user
386 --- Retrieve user informations for given uid.
389 -- @param uid Number containing the Unix user id
390 -- @return Table containing the following fields:
391 -- { "uid", "gid", "name", "passwd", "dir", "shell", "gecos" }
392 user.getuser = posix.getpasswd
394 --- Test whether given string matches the password of a given system user.
395 -- @param username String containing the Unix user name
396 -- @param password String containing the password to compare
397 -- @return Boolean indicating wheather the passwords are equal
398 function user.checkpasswd(username, password)
399 local account = user.getuser(username)
402 if account.passwd == "!" then
405 return (account.passwd == posix.crypt(password, account.passwd))
410 --- Change the password of given user.
411 -- @param username String containing the Unix user name
412 -- @param password String containing the password to compare
413 -- @return Number containing 0 on success and >= 1 on error
414 function user.setpasswd(username, password)
416 password = password:gsub("'", "")
420 username = username:gsub("'", "")
423 local cmd = "(echo '"..password.."';sleep 1;echo '"..password.."')|"
424 cmd = cmd .. "passwd '"..username.."' >/dev/null 2>&1"
425 return os.execute(cmd)
429 --- LuCI system utilities / wifi related functions.
431 -- @name luci.sys.wifi
434 --- Get iwconfig output for all wireless devices.
435 -- @return Table of tables containing the iwconfing output for each wifi device
436 function wifi.getiwconfig()
437 local cnt = luci.util.exec("/usr/sbin/iwconfig 2>/dev/null")
440 for i, l in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(cnt), "\n\n")) do
441 local k = l:match("^(.-) ")
442 l = l:gsub("^(.-) +", "", 1)
444 iwc[k] = _parse_mixed_record(l)
451 --- Get iwlist scan output from all wireless devices.
452 -- @return Table of tables contaiing all scan results
453 function wifi.iwscan(iface)
454 local siface = iface or ""
455 local cnt = luci.util.exec("iwlist "..siface.." scan 2>/dev/null")
458 for i, l in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(cnt), "\n\n")) do
459 local k = l:match("^(.-) ")
460 l = l:gsub("^[^\n]+", "", 1)
461 l = luci.util.trim(l)
464 for j, c in pairs(luci.util.split(l, "\n Cell")) do
465 c = c:gsub("^(.-)- ", "", 1)
466 c = luci.util.split(c, "\n", 7)
467 c = table.concat(c, "\n", 1)
468 table.insert(iws[k], _parse_mixed_record(c))
473 return iface and (iws[iface] or {}) or iws
477 -- Internal functions
479 function _parse_delimited_table(iter, delimiter)
480 delimiter = delimiter or "%s+"
483 local trim = luci.util.trim
484 local split = luci.util.split
486 local keys = split(trim(iter()), delimiter, nil, true)
487 for i, j in pairs(keys) do
488 keys[i] = trim(keys[i])
495 for i, j in pairs(split(line, delimiter, nil, true)) do
501 table.insert(data, row)
507 function _parse_mixed_record(cnt)
510 for i, l in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(cnt), "\n")) do
511 for j, f in pairs(luci.util.split(luci.util.trim(l), " ")) do
512 local k, x, v = f:match('([^%s][^:=]+) *([:=]*) *"*([^\n"]*)"*')
516 table.insert(data, k)